Laparoscopy is the operation when an instrument equipped with optics is injected into abdominal cavity of the patient.
In cases of laparoscopy with the purpose to determine a diagnosis, when infertility causes and its character are determined, one small cut (5-7 mm)in the navel area or lower is sufficient . In the cases when there are other purposes besides diagnostics, e.g. operations on the ovary or on the tubes, one or two additional cuts (5-7 mm) are made in the left and in the right parts of the abdomen. In this case it is operational laparoscopy. Both diagnostical and operational laparoscopy do not suit all patients.
Main contraindication for laparoscopy is massive adhaesion process in the abdominal cavity connected with serious previous operations, peritonitis, bowel obstruction, etc. In this case the risk of intestine damage during the laparoscopy which represents danger for life is very high.
Kinds of operations done by operational laparoscopy by infertility
Most common operations done during the laparoscopy are the following:
- Adhesiotomy in order to restore passability of uterine tubes
- Removal of small ovary cysts
- Removal of myomas
- Coagulation of endometriosis
- Cauterisation of polycystic ovaries
- Removal of uterine tube by abdominal pregnancy
Main advantage of operational laparoscopy when compared to big operations is considerably less degree of the risk regarding the health of the patient as well as lesser possibility of ahaesion process recurrence and possibility of fast rehabilitation of the patient. On the next day after laparoscopy the patient can be released from the hospital.
However, the possibilities of operational laparoscopy are limited. Big reconstructional operations are possible only by using laparotomy.
Women with endocrine disorders who plan to treat infertility by operation on uterine tubes need preliminary hormonal correction, since the effect of such operation and following rehabilitation process is not stable, and is connected with some degree of recurring inflammation risk and tubes impassability recurrence. In such situations it does not make sense to lose time for normalization of hormonal disorders after the operation.
